女兒墻
1女兒墻的高度
對(duì)于女兒墻的高度雖然沒(méi)有明確的的建筑規(guī)范單獨(dú)設(shè)置一個(gè)章節(jié)來(lái)對(duì)女兒墻的高度來(lái)進(jìn)行規(guī)定,但是其在相關(guān)的建筑規(guī)范中都有所提及。
例如在《建筑抗震鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB50023--2009這一份標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,其對(duì)無(wú)拉接女兒墻和門(mén)臉等裝飾物進(jìn)行了具體的規(guī)定,當(dāng)砌筑砂漿的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)不低于M2.5且厚度為240mm時(shí),女兒墻突出屋頂?shù)母叨葢?yīng)該是小于0.5m。另外,在另一份《老年人建筑設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》JGJI22--99也對(duì)女兒墻的高度進(jìn)行了規(guī)定,其中提到供老年人活動(dòng)的屋頂平臺(tái)或者屋頂花園,其女兒墻的屋頂應(yīng)該不小于1.1米。綜合這兩份規(guī)范我們可以得出關(guān)于女兒墻高度的如下結(jié)論:在沒(méi)有人上的屋頂上面,女兒墻的高度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該是低于或者等于0.5米,當(dāng)女兒墻所圍起來(lái)的區(qū)域是人經(jīng)?;顒?dòng)的區(qū)域,其高度應(yīng)該是不低于1.1米。
2女兒墻的防水設(shè)計(jì)
防水是女兒墻在砌筑過(guò)程中,必須要考慮的問(wèn)題。從工程學(xué)的角度去考慮,女兒墻的防水構(gòu)造應(yīng)重點(diǎn)放在女兒墻的壓頂、附加層、泛水和防水層收頭等處理上面。對(duì)于具體的防水設(shè)計(jì),主要有以下幾方面的要求。
(1)在砌筑女兒墻的時(shí)候,我們應(yīng)該采用現(xiàn)澆或者預(yù)制鋼筋混凝土壓頂。
(2)磚砌女兒墻一般砌筑在鋼筋混凝土圈梁上,由于兩種熱膨脹系數(shù)不同,熱脹冷縮會(huì)使女兒墻的根部產(chǎn)生水平溫度裂縫。女兒墻與屋面的交接處,是結(jié)構(gòu)易發(fā)生較大變形、易滲漏和損壞的部位,因此應(yīng)設(shè)置卷材或涂膜附加層,且附加層應(yīng)滿(mǎn)粘或滿(mǎn)涂在基層上。從而使女兒墻能夠起到有效的防水作用。
(3)保護(hù)層與女兒墻或山墻之間,應(yīng)預(yù)留寬度為30mm的縫隙,縫內(nèi)宜填塞聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料,并應(yīng)用密封材料嵌填。從而有效防止積水滲漏。
3女兒墻開(kāi)裂怎么辦
女兒墻開(kāi)裂是一種比較常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象,女兒墻的開(kāi)裂按照裂縫的形狀可以分為水平裂縫、斜裂縫以及豎直裂縫和混合裂縫。女兒墻的開(kāi)裂原因主要有地基的不均勻沉降、溫差影響、施工質(zhì)量不達(dá)標(biāo)、建筑物的構(gòu)造不合理等。可以說(shuō)除了第一條不屬于可控范圍之內(nèi),其它的我們都可以通過(guò)工程技術(shù)質(zhì)量的提高來(lái)減少女兒墻開(kāi)裂的概率。具體的做法如下:
(1)對(duì)于不同建筑材料砌筑的女兒前我們應(yīng)該采取不同的措施來(lái)預(yù)防女兒墻的開(kāi)裂。例如,對(duì)于鋼筋混凝土柱與磚墻,我們應(yīng)該采用鋼絲網(wǎng)片進(jìn)行連接加固。
(2)對(duì)于熱漲冷縮導(dǎo)致的女兒墻開(kāi)裂,我們可以在砌筑女兒墻的時(shí)候,在結(jié)構(gòu)層與女兒墻之間預(yù)留溫度縫隙,在縫隙之間用密封材料填充,從而減少熱脹冷縮的影響。
(3)選用合格的建筑材料,避免因?yàn)榻ㄖ牧系牟缓细穸鴮?dǎo)致女兒墻開(kāi)裂現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。
(4)施工工藝要符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在進(jìn)行女兒墻砌筑得到時(shí)候,一定要保證砌筑的質(zhì)量,例如,砌筑的之前要澆水,砂漿的飽滿(mǎn)要達(dá)到要求,從而保證牢固性。
4碳纖維加固價(jià)格
碳纖維加固材料價(jià)格(僅供參考) |
||
品牌 | 起批量(平方米) |
價(jià)格(元/平方米) |
南京曼卡特 | 5 | 5000.00 |
江蘇西科 | 10 | 230.00 |
寧波萬(wàn)得賦 | 100 | 80.00 |
海寧安捷 | 10 | 500.00 |
5粉末涂料配方
粉末涂料配方有好多種,但是每一種含有的配料都基本上差不多,一般都有:聚酯、環(huán)氧、硫酸鋇、鈦白粉、流平劑、光亮劑、消泡劑、增電劑、抗氧劑、蠟等。下面提供一種配方以作參考:
名稱(chēng) | 型號(hào) | 配比 | 比重(%) |
聚酯 | 3#A | 115 | 22.10 |
環(huán)氧 | 604 | 105 | 22.10 |
環(huán)氧 | 604硅油 | 10 | 22.10 |
硫酸鋇 | BaS04 | 183 | 35.18 |
鈦白粉 | R216 | 92 | 17.68 |
流平劑 | 922 | 5 | 0.96 |
光亮劑 | 701 | 6 | 1.15 |
消泡劑 | 安息香 | 1.2 | 0.23 |
消泡劑 | 500w | 2 | 0.38 |
蠟 | 高光蠟 | 1 | 0.19 |
6304不銹鋼材規(guī)格
304不銹鋼材規(guī)格主要由規(guī)格尺寸、密度,還有硬度構(gòu)成。
304不銹鋼材規(guī)格尺寸由外徑和壁厚決定,通常每個(gè)廠(chǎng)家的數(shù)據(jù)都不一樣,所以用戶(hù)要根據(jù)自己的需求進(jìn)行選擇。下面提供一些參數(shù)供大家參考(單位:mm):
Ф6(外徑)x1(壁厚) Ф34(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф70(外徑)x3-10(壁厚)Ф152(外徑)x3-20(壁厚)
Ф8(外徑)x1-2(壁厚)Ф36(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф73(外徑)x3-10(壁厚)Ф159(外徑)x3-25(壁厚)
Ф10(外徑)x1-2(壁厚)Ф38(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф76(外徑)x2-16(壁厚)Ф16(外徑)8x3-30(壁厚)
Ф12(外徑)x1-3(壁厚)Ф40(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф80(外徑)x2-16(壁厚)Ф180(外徑)x3-30(壁厚)
Ф14(外徑)x1-4(壁厚)Ф42(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф83(外徑)x2-16(壁厚)Ф219(外徑)x4-35(壁厚)
Ф16(外徑)x1-4(壁厚)Ф45(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф89(外徑)x2-16(壁厚)Ф245(外徑)x5-35(壁厚)
Ф18(外徑)x1-4(壁厚)Ф48(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф95(外徑)x2.5-16(壁厚)Ф273(外徑)x5-40(壁厚)
Ф20(外徑)x1-5(壁厚)Ф50(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф102(外徑)x2.5-18(壁厚)Ф325(外徑)x5-40(壁厚)
Ф22(外徑)x1-5(壁厚)Ф51(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф108(外徑)x2.5-18(壁厚)Ф355(外徑)x7-40(壁厚)
Ф25(外徑)x1.5-5(壁厚)Ф57(外徑)x2-10(壁厚)Ф114(外徑)x2.5-18(壁厚)Ф377(外徑)x8-45(壁厚)
Ф27(外徑)x2-5(壁厚)Ф60(外徑)x2-10(壁厚)Ф120(外徑)x3-18(壁厚)Ф426(外徑)x8-50(壁厚)
Ф28(外徑)x2-5(壁厚)Ф63(外徑)x2-10(壁厚)Ф127(外徑)x3-18(壁厚)Ф456(外徑)x8-50(壁厚)
Ф30(外徑)x2-8(壁厚)Ф65(外徑)x3-10(壁厚)Ф133(外徑)x3-18(壁厚)Ф530(外徑)x8-50(壁厚)
304不銹鋼材密度:7.93 g/cm3
304不銹鋼材硬度:一般有兩個(gè)標(biāo)尺,一個(gè)是HRC,一個(gè)是HRB,HRC是88-96,HRB是32-46之間。
7 ppr水管漏水
當(dāng)ppr水管漏水了,我們?cè)撛趺崔k?不要光呆看著而束手無(wú)措了,可以這樣做:
1.用小鋼鋸將水管漏水的地方鋸掉,注意,鋸口要是平整的。
2.拿一張砂紙打磨新露出的端口,動(dòng)作應(yīng)輕輕的,不需要打磨得太多。
3.用一塊干凈布擦拭端口。
4.將專(zhuān)用膠水涂于ppr水管的端口上,稍晾一會(huì)兒,期間在“竹節(jié)”的接頭內(nèi)涂上膠水。
5.ppr水管的兩端都將端口與“竹節(jié)”相連,并反復(fù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)直至牢固。
6.待上述過(guò)程結(jié)束后,于接縫處涂抹適量的膠水,避免出現(xiàn)滲漏的現(xiàn)象。
8 中纖板和實(shí)木顆粒板
是中纖板好,還是實(shí)木顆粒板好,將兩者的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比:
中纖板:
1.優(yōu)點(diǎn):材質(zhì)細(xì)膩,裁切面封邊做得好,不易開(kāi)膠,方便制成各種造型,因此常用來(lái)制作門(mén)板或背板。
2.缺點(diǎn):其基材為粉末類(lèi),使用的膠水較顆粒板的多,因此容易有環(huán)保問(wèn)題。另外,因中纖板膠水含量多,內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)空間少,因此防潮性差,極易變形。
實(shí)木顆粒板:
1.優(yōu)點(diǎn):該板材內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)為交叉錯(cuò)落,握釘力好。板材的密度比較高,木質(zhì)纖維顆粒比較大,有更多的天然木材本質(zhì),黏膠劑使用量通常低于5%,更具環(huán)保特點(diǎn)。此外,該板材變形小,尺寸穩(wěn)定性好,強(qiáng)度高,因此即便掛上重物也不容易變形。
2.因其平整度不夠,所以不易做弧度和造型。
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